37. Thudichum, J[ohn] L[ouis] W[illiam] (1829-1901) and August Dupré. A Treatise on the Origin, Nature, and Varieties of Wine: being a complete manual of viticulture and oenology. By J.L.W. Thudichum, M.D. and August Dupré, Ph.D., lecturer on chemistry at Westminster Hospital. London and New York: Macmillan and Co., 1872. Printed by R. Clay, Sons, and Taylor, London. 22 cm. xxiv, 760 pages + viticultural map of the Gironde, in color. Illustrations. Decorated endpapers, matching edges. Bookplate on front pastedown: "United States of America War Office." Ownership confirmed on title page and elsewhere with a War Department stamp, "Rec'd Sept. 13th 1881" and bold inked inscriptions: "War Department Library." Red cloth, red morocco back and corners. Shelf-worn and scuffed. Internally clean. [Ref M1643]. —— SOLD

The authors explain their objectives for this ambitious work in the preface (dated October 1871): "… to produce a strictly scientific work, based as far as possible upon their personal observations. Such have therefore been made in the vineyards, cellars and repositories of many countries, in the respective chemical laboratories of the Authors … and in mines underground. Wherever possible they availed themselves of the writings of previous authors … and … they have consulted and used nearly two hundred out of the six hundred works which compose the world's oenological literature." The first 300 pages are devoted to origins, principles of viticulture and wine making, chemistry, acids, ethers, sugars, etc. The remainder of the book covers the wine regions of the world, beginning with France (to page 524), the rest of Europe (to page 696), and finally the rest of the world in the last 40 pages – Asia, Africa, America and Australia. They touch on the work of Dufour, Adlum and Longworth. "The wines of California are making more rapid progress than those of Eastern America … … Some of the producers commit the mistake into which some Austrians have fallen, that of giving to their products classical names such as Steinberg, Porto, Champagne. They will do much better to retain their proper names and establish a reputation for original quality …" [page 737]. The authors discuss the assumption of botanists that all the vines of Europe are derived from vitis vinifera, based on the legend or fact that it came from India to Greece, thence to Rome and on to the rest of Europe. Any "wild" vines were termed degenerated offspring. However, it appears that these wild vines have been found in fossil form in German coal mines, dating them back at least to the Tertiary period [chapter 1].

Simon (BV page 13), writing no later than 1913, says that this work, with all its blemishes (due to the authors' lack of practical knowledge of wine), "is nevertheless the most comprehensive modern treatise on the vine and its fruit in the English language." See Gabler for other works by Thudichum. Bitting lists his Cookery, Its Art and Practice, 1895.

38. Thudichum, J[ohn] L[ouis] W[illiam] (1829-1901). A Treatise on Wines: their origin nature and varieties, with practical directions for viticulture and vinification. London: George Bell and Sons, 1896. Chiswick Press. 19 cm. xx, 387 pages + 10, (2 Bohn's catalog dated November, 1895) pages. Illustrations. Red cloth, with ink stain, splotches of discoloration on covers, and frayed top of spine. Internally clean, with a few small tears at tops of pages from hasty opening by an eager reader. [Ref M1644]. —— SOLD

"First published December 1893. Reprinted in Bohn's Scientific Library 1896. A down-sized version of the 1872 work by Thudichum and Dupré (item 37), though some material is new, such as an added chapter at the end on "diseases of vines and of wines" [pages 370-379].

Thudichum says in his preface that the publishers wanted to issue a new edition of Redding's work, but that since its political object had been achieved by the legislation of 1860, its life cycle was complete. Thus the decision to issue instead an abridged version of the 1872 edition. Of interest to wine book collectors are the bibliographic comments on French, other European, and Australian wine literature, pages vi to x. Included is a reference to a book by his father, Dr. Georg Thudichum: Traube und Wein in der Kulturgeschichte [Grapes and Wine in the History of Civilization], Tübingen, 1881 [Simon BV 43].

Simon (BV page 14, re edition of 1894), says that this edition retains most of the errors of the earlier work. Gabler lists this edition (1894), as being authored jointly with Dupré.

39. Tiengou des Royeries, Yves. La Production viticole hors de France. Préface de Pierre Fromont. Ouvrage couronné par l'Académie d'Agriculture. Paris: Librairies Techniques, Libraire de la Cour de Cassation, 1959. Imp. du Sud, Toulouse, June 1959. 25 cm. (6), 387, (1) pages. Paper. [Ref M1645]. —— SOLD

From the preface: "France is the world's leading wine region; no one disputes that. Yet she does not know what is happening outside her borders; there is no comprehensive work on the subject … The Frenchman will learn what for him will be especially surprising: vineyard area outside France (7,230,000 hectares in 1957) is well above the French-Algerian total (1,818,000), and the latter is steadily losing ground: it had 25% of the world's vineyards in 1923, and it's no more than 20% in 1957 … This is something to think about. What good does it do to keep repeating that we produce the best wine in the world, if the world is not convinced of that, or at least acts as if it weren't convinced and is easily content with qualities that we judge inferior. More than ever we must think about «qualities» rather than «quality» …" And so on. This book is packed with statistics on wine (and grape) production, consumption, commerce and other factors for every producing country in the world, however minor – even Canada. Rather interesting, in view of what has happened in the world of wine in the past forty+ years.

40. (Tilden & Company). Formulae for making tinctures, infusions, syrups, wines, mixtures, pills, &c., simple and compound, from the fluid & solid extracts, prepared at the laboratory of Tilden & Co., New Lebanon, N.Y. Established in 1848. New Lebanon and New York: Tilden & Company, 1858. 23.5 cm. xxiii, 162 pages + frontispiece illustration of "Tilden & Co's Manufactory …" Ownership signature on front pastedown: "E. Schollderfer, M.D., Yorktown, New York." Pale purple cloth, gilt title on cover. Faded spine and some spotting on covers, no doubt from tinctures within. Very light to moderate foxing. [Ref M1646]. —— SOLD

Among Tilden's many offerings are medicinal wines of all types, such as dogwood, blackberry, rhubarb, and many others, prepared with an extract, with the addition of sherry or wine or alcohol. Also offered were cannabis indica in the form of pills, tincture, syrup, wine, etc. Marijuana was widely prescribed in the 19th century. Fluid extracts were marketed by Parke Davis, Squibb, Lilly, Burroughs Wellcome, and other leading firms, and were sold over the counter by drugstores at modest prices. Amerine (3300-3307) has a number of editions from 1858 to 1886. The first listing is for an 1858 edition with a slightly different title page and 76 pages [3300]. The next entry [3301] is also dated 1858, and its pagination matches this copy, but it is described as 2nd edition, of which there is no indication here.

Regarding the previous owner of this book, I found some possible connections at the website of the Yorktown Historical Society. One person's reminiscences of 85 years included house calls made by doctors, including Dr. Schollderfer. In 1902, a private "Vigilant Protective Association" was established, and one of the first officers was Dr. E. Schollderfer. It's hard to say if these were the same person, as the signature in the book does not include a date. They were no doubt at least related.

41. Tilson, Everett (1923 – ). Should Christians Drink? New York, Nashville: Abingdon Press, (1957). Parthenon Press, Nashville, TN. 19.5 cm. 128 pages. Ex-library: "Church of the Ascension … New York." Black cloth, worn dustjacket. [Ref M1647]. —— SOLD

Tilson, a Methodist and professor of Theology, sets the stage in his preface: "Practically everyone who addresses himself to the question for or against the drinking of alcoholic beverages has an ax to grind … I grind not one ax but two, one for use against those who build their case for total abstinence on shaky biblical or historical foundations, the other for use against those who say Christians have no other grounds on which to defend this view …" After reviewing the various historical views and positions – from Jesus to Luther to Wesley and beyond, Tilson ends with a chapter titled "Temperance, Teetotalism, or What?" "Roman Catholics have no better reasons for defending celibacy in the name of temperance than the advocates of total abstinence for pushing their cause in the name of temperance. Many of them would also agree that the ‘norm of reason’ now (though possibly not in earlier times) calls for a negative answer to the question: Should Christians drink?" [page 121]

42. Tizard, W[illiam] L[ittell]. Third Edition. The Theory and Practice of Brewing Illustrated: containing the chemistry, history, and right application of all brewing ingredients and products; a full exposition of the newly-discovered principles of conversion and extraction in the mash-tun; the philosophy of climate, season, and site; critiques of the modus operandi of fermentation, and the prevention of early acidity: also, many new practical observations on brewing London and Dublin porter, East India pale ale, export stout, &c. &c. By W.L. Tizard, late operative brewer at the Nine Elms Brewery, Vauxhall, and now brewers' engineer, 34½, Aldgate. London: Sold by all Booksellers, or the Printers, 1850. Printed by Gilbert & Rivington, London. 23.5 cm. x, (2), 535, (1) pages + 24 pages publicity for Tizard's "Brewer's Repertory: a descriptive catalogue of new machines, utensils, instruments … London 1850" with complete table of contents, testimonials and prospectus. Green embossed cloth, gilt title on spine and on cover, with decoration. Covers shabby, spine chipped and parts missing, binding loose. Internally clean except for occasional spots at margins, outside text area. Excellent reading copy. [Ref M1648]. —— SOLD

An extensive treatise on all aspects of brewing. The author is gratified by the success of his work. "… for the plain deed of having sold his first impression of five hundred copies within six monthes from the dawn of publication, and his second edition, consisting of five hundred more, in the space of three years; and finding a great number of this his third five hundred bespoke before the day of its maturity has arrived, he may indeed look back upon his undertaking with a degree of mental pride and gratitude." [preface]. Noling lists the fourth edition of 1857. Not in Simon. The 1850 edition is in the Scottish Brewing Archive's list of significant early (before 1850) books on brewing. Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature, lists a London edition of 1843, the fourth edition 1849. Tizard also published Voice from the Mash Tun, 1845.

43. Todd, W[illiam] J[ohn]. A Handbook of Wine. How to buy, serve, store and drink it. London: Jonathan Cape, (1922). 18.5 cm. 103 pages + foldout map at end of the "Principal Vineyards of the World." Illustrations. Errata slip page 59. Rose boards, white cloth back, paper label with title on cover. Covers lightly soiled, black ink marks and some underlining on seven pages. [Ref M1649]. —— SOLD

First published 1922. Todd says he will not confuse with jargon, bore with irrelevant details, nor photographs of famous châteaux, or history from Noah onwards. Nor write with the scholarship or "fine fervour of a Saintsbury." In other words, just a handbook. The only wines touched on outside Europe, are those of Algeria, South Africa and Australia. He acknowledges the help of André Simon and others.

44. Todd, W[illiam] J[ohn]. A Handbook of Wine. How to buy, serve, store and drink it. London: Jonathan Cape, (1922). 18.5 cm. 103 pages + foldout map at end of the "Principal Vineyards of the World" (i.e. Europe and Algeria). Illustrations. Rose boards, white cloth back, paper label with title on cover and on spine. Covers very lightly soiled, paper label on spine chipped. [Ref M1650]. —— SOLD

First published 1922. Second impression 1922. Identical to item 43, but printed on heavier, whiter paper.

45. Todd, Wm. J[ohn]. A Handbook of Wine. How to buy, serve, store and drink it, by Wm. J. Todd, director of Findlater, Mackie, Todd & Co., Ltd., London. London: Jonathan Cape, (1934). Printed by Howard, Jones, Roberts & Leete, London. 18.5 cm. 110 pages. Illustrations. Red cloth, black title with border on cover. [Ref M1651]. —— SOLD

First published 1922. Second impression 1922. Revised and enlarged edition 1934. This edition sports a foreword by André Simon: "There are people so unfortunate as not to be able to drink either Claret or Hock or even Champagne without suffering from Acidity, headaches or flatulence. They must find out for themselves which is the wine that is the most wholesome for them. Nobody can help them. Not even the most expensive of specialists. He will tell them never to drink wine at all, being the easiest cloak at hand to hide his total ignorance in the matter of wine …" Simon closes with a note of support for the author: "You must choose the right sort of wine-merchant … one who understands and loves wine."

46. Todd, Wm. J[ohn]. Port. How to buy, serve, store and drink it. London: Jonathan Cape, (1926). Printed by Butler & Tanner, Frome and London. 18 cm. 95 pages + 18 glossy photo plates, and a foldout statistical chart with Appendix A at end. Illustrations. Rose boards, white cloth back, paper labels for titles on spine and cover. Outer edge of covers is stained and frayed. Internally a number of pages are rippled, but there is no staining. [Ref M1652]. —— SOLD

First published in 1926 [verso of title page]. At the bottom of page [2]: "Second impression," which refers to the book listed at the head of the page – "A Handbook of Wine." Another plea for upholding the quality of true port wines and fighting the incursion of wannabe ports that come in as low-duty wines, with a lower alcoholic content. "Port is the English wine par excellence, developed mainly by English (I naturally include, of course, Scottish!) brains and capital, and has an interesting history … there is something about it [quoting Saintsbury] which must have been created in pre-established Harmony with the best English character." [preface, dated October 1925].

47. Tomes, Robert (1817-1882). The Champagne Country. New York: Hurd and Houghton, 459 Broome Street, 1867. Printed by H.O Houghton and Company, Riverside, Cambridge. 18 cm. (blank leaf), xv, 231 pages. Ownership signature in pencil on endpaper: "John Kane, LLD, Hoboken, NJ." Green cloth, gilt title and vignette on spine. Slightly worn, hinge near top starting to split. A few pages loose, but clean throughout. Considering the relatively poor quality of the paper used for this book, this could lay claim to being a desirable copy. [Ref M1653]. —— SOLD

Tomes was born in New York City of English parentage, March 27, 1817. His education included Trinity College of Hartford, CT, co-founded by his father in 1835. After a year at the University of Pennsylvania medical school, he continued his medical studies at the University of Edinburgh, where he obtained his M.D. in 1840. After further study in Paris, he practiced medicine in New York, but eventually turned to writing, beginning about 1853. He wrote a book on Panama (1855) and made several trips to San Francisco, followed by more books, and articles for Harper's. In 1865 he was appointed US consul at Reims for two years. He spent the rest of his life writing a series of successful handbooks. He died at his home in Brooklyn, August 28, 1882. [The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, vol. 18, 1922].

The Champagne Country was written during Tomes's stay at Reims as US consul, probably to occupy his time and to prevent death from boredom. At least one fellow American had come to Reims from Paris, planning to stay 6 months, but left after only 6 hours. Because of Tomes's positive attitude, the wine literature has been enriched by a very interesting, informative and entertaining book. The author of a long contemporary review in the Atlantic Monthly (October 1867) tells us that "Mr. Tomes's style is light and easy, and as he has a quick, unforced sense of humor, his information is as delightful as it is honest … … he sketches … the champagne lords and their history, beginning with the great Clicquot (whose widow, after inheriting him so many years, died only the other day), and bringing down the list with the Heidsiecks, the Roederers, Moët and Chandon, the Mumms …" Regarding life in Rheims, Tomes "… gossips of its cathedral and ecclesiastical history, its picturesqueness, its antiquities, its dulness, its contented and prosperous ignorance, its luxury and depravity … Many of its characteristics are those common to all Latin Europe, – a religion and an atheism alike immoral, an essential rudeness under a polished show of good-breeding, an inviolable conventionality, and an unbounded license …, [and] intellectual apathy to be matched nowhere else … The government seems to have besotted the province in the same degree that it has corrupted Paris …" We welcome this "bright and candid book as a more valuable contribution to literature than most contemporary novels and poems."

Tomes does dwell on the ignorance of the inhabitants. "I hardly ever received a bill, even from the better class of tradesmen, which was not full of errors of orthography, and an almost illegible scrawl … … On one occasion a wine-merchant, knowing well that I was an officer of the United States, handed me an invoice for Canada to legalize, and when I returned it he was greatly surprised at learning that Canada was a British province. On another occasion, a no less imposing personage asked me to perform a consular act relative to Brazil … and there was hardly one in a hundred of them who could tell whether I came from America by land or water." [pages 208-209]. Regarding the fact that all the wine establishments in Champagne were under the control of native Germans, he was told that they were called to help because "there were so few Frenchmen, and so many Germans, who had a knowledge of foreign languages … I fancy that the French have a natural inaptitude for commerce … There was, however, a champagne house which happened to be controlled exclusively by natives of France. It became bankrupt while I was at Rheims, and it was a common remark that it perished for want of a German." [90-91]. A final note of humor: "I was told by a pompous wine-mixer of Rheims that he only served the aristocracy … Boston, by its natural affinity, perhaps, with European rank, is about the sole consumer in the United States of the exalted beverage of this gentleman's gentleman of Rheims, who so willingly assumes the livery of the aristocracy, though not above, it would seem, pocketing the dollars thrown to him from this plebeian but profuse Republic."

Although there is no internal evidence to support it, this is probably the first edition, since the review cited above lists the publisher as Hurd and Houghton, New York. See item 48 for the review of the Routledge edition.

48. Tomes, Robert (1817-1882). The Champagne Country. New York: George Routledge & Sons, 416 Broome Street, 1867. Printed at New York for the proprietors. 18.5 cm. (7), x-xv, 231, (8 catalog) pages, (blank leaf). Maroon cloth, gilt spine. Very slightly worn, front endpaper and half title leaf detached. A loose page or two. Attractive copy. [Ref M1654]. —— SOLD

This edition is identified as the second in a brief review in Putnam's Monthly Magazine of American Literature, January 1868: "By the side of Mr. Howells' books we may place The Champagne Country, which in a few months has reached a second edition (Routledge), by Dr. Robert Tomes, … an author whose … pictures … of whatever land he writes are always acceptable to the public. In these sketches of the wine-producing regions about Rheims, Dr. Tomes gives us the benefit of his official consular experience …"

So often, the second edition of a book is printed on cheaper paper than the first. In this case the reverse is true. Both books appear to be printed from the same plates, except for the title leaf. Curiously, however, page 104 in the Routledge edition is misnumbered 304! Amerine lists the two New York editions: Hurd and Houghton (#3311) and Routledge (#3312). Both Gabler and Noling list a London Routledge edition, but not New York. Simon (BV 104) also lists a London edition of 1867, but the publisher is not identified.

49. Torbert, Harold C. The Complete Wine & Food Cookbook. Los Angeles: Nash Publishing, (1970). Printed by Stecher-Traung-Schmidt, San Francisco. 26 cm. (11), 386, (2) pages + 4 glossy photo plates. Illustrations by Laurie Jordan. Illustrated boards, matching dustjacket. [Ref M1655]. —— SOLD

"©1970 by Harold C. Torbert, M.D." Norbert suggests beginning the wine adventure with French and German wines. "I mean in no way to cast aspersions of [sic] the wines of California and other localities. I hope you will drink many American wines … Even so, your standards should be based on the traditional French and German vintages." [page 31]. When tasting a Burgundy wine: "… Move the wine about in your mouth as vigorously (and if need be, as audibly) as you swirl water when you are brushing your teeth … Now you are really tasting the wine. That is to say, all of your taste buds and all of your olefactory [sic] receptors are being stimulated." [33].

50. Tovey, Charles (? – 1888). Champagne: its History, Manufacture, Properties, &c., with some prefatory remarks upon wine and wine merchants. By Charles Tovey, author of "Wine and Wine Countries," "British and Foreign Spirits," "Alcohol versus Teetotalism." London: John Camden Hotten, Piccadilly, 1870. Printed by Savill, Edwards and Co., London. 19 cm. (decorative half title leaf), iv, [iii]-iv* postscript, [v]-vii, 140 pages + 8 plate illustrations, including frontispiece map of Champagne wine districts + 16 pages of advertising for Tovey's British and Foreign Spirits – detailed table of contents and press opinions. Illustrations. Back endpaper missing. Green cloth, spine gilt. Spine discolored, and wrinkled. Contents have separated from covers, but internally clean. [Ref M1656]. —— SOLD

Tovey's book followed that of Tomes by only a few years, and before it went to press the sad events of the Franco-Prussian war were unfolding , addressed by Tovey in a postscript, dated September 1870. "The sons of whom I spoke have perished in the battle-field … and the vines are stained with human blood."

In the introduction, Tovey speaks at length about wine frauds and their perpetrators. Singled out particularly are the fraudulent wines shipped from Hamburg, called Hamburg Sherry, which are not only bad wines, but bad for the health as well. Not all wine that comes from Champagne is Champagne. Wine auctions are another medium for the disposal of adulterated wines. Wines are "advertised as the stock of eminent connoisseurs, lately deceased, who really never possessed such wines. There are always wines of celebrated vintages, Ports of 1820 and 1834 (those inexhaustible vintages) …" Tovey is down on "foreigners," very few of whom have establishments abroad. One such merchant recently "had become possessed of half a stück (about 750 bottles) of really fine Steinberg Cabinet" and made a sale to a leading member of the aristocracy, which established the vendor's fame. "It was a remarkable half stück – it never became exhausted." A purchaser, had he been able to make a comparison, would have found the wine "to be of a very different quality to that which was sold to the more distinguished patron." [pages 9-28]. But that was only the introduction. Tovey does have a lot to say about Champagne, beginning with its history. Records tell us that "amongst the potentates of Europe who were partial to this wine, was our own Henry VIII., who had a vineyard at Ay, where he kept a superintendent in order to secure the genuine production for his table. Mention is likewise made of Francis I., Pope Leo X., and Charles V. of Spain, as reserving for their use vineyards in Champagne." [31-32]. Fascinating is a description of a Reims wedding banquet [from the Wine Trade Review], with all the foods and wines that were consumed. How can the "mortal frames of men, and particularly women, … bear such prolonged junketings. The secret is … – Champagne!" [113-119]. A list of Champagne merchants appears in the appendix.

51. Tovey, Charles (? – 1888). Wine and Wine Countries: a Record and Manual for wine merchants and wine consumers. New edition.. All rights reserved. London: Whittaker & Co., 1877. Printed by E. Austin and Son, Clifton. 17.5 cm. (illustrated half title leaf), viii, 519 pages + 7 pages of advertising for Tovey's British and Foreign Spirits – title and press opinions + 20 plates of illustrations, including frontispiece portrait of Tovey and 4 wine area maps (Xerez, Bordeaux, Cognac, Champagne) + foldout lithograph copy of an 1800 contract between Admiral Nelson and Woodhouse & Co. to supply his ships with Marsala wine. Green cloth, gilt spine, black lettering and decorations on cover. Contents detached from covers. Internally clean. [Ref M1657]. —— SOLD

Considerably expanded from the first edition of 1862, which ran to 365 pages. "In the year 1861 I wrote ‘Wine and Wine Countries,’ a work which was so favourably received that before the year expired it was out of print." Tovey's long introduction to this edition repeats many of his complaints about fraudulent wines and wine sellers that had appeared in his book on Champagne. He says that for many years in his travels to the wine districts, "I have taken with me a small portable laboratory; which enabled me … to identify the wine on its arrival in England as being the wine I purchased on the Continent." [page 16]. He decries the use of the wine trade as a trade of last resort for unqualified people who see it as a respectable trade. Another pet peeve is allowing grocers to sell wines. One grocer advertised Sherry direct from Bordeaux: "Sherry, Chateau d'Yquem … … 40s/doz." [40]. He recommends wine books by Beckwith and Vizetelly. [49]. Tovey begins his wine journey with Portugal and Spain, to which he devotes 320+ pages. Regarding sherry, he says he will not reference other writers, as many of them are of questionable authority. [144-45]. He hates bull-fighting, which he watched just to inform himself [147]. He is particularly fond of the city of Bordeaux. By the time he reaches Burgundy, he realizes he's not being concise, as he had promised in the introduction: "… I have arrived at 304 in pages, and the wines of three countries are not completed, I find it necessary to somewhat abridge the remaining chapters." About Germany, which he reaches at page 371, he says that it's "somewhat remarkable that in England … few persons appear to know or to care anything about [German wines] … [Their sale] has , no doubt, been hindered by the importuning practices referred to in the introductory chapter." Tovey quotes Liebig to the effect that, although Rhine wines owe their exquisite bouquet to the free acid, it is the tartar that is responsible for immunity from uric acid diathesis [=tendency to gout] of German wine drinkers [374]. Less than 25 pages are devoted to the rest of Europe (Hungary, Italy/Sicily, Greece), and the rest of the world consists of Australia [429-462]. The foldout Nelson document in the chapter on Sicily is rather interesting. Nelson, in his agreement to the Woodhouse contract for the delivery of Marsala wine to his ships off Malta, signs himself Bronte Nelson. As a reward for saving the King of Naples, Nelson was granted the duchy of Bronte with thousands of acres on the slopes of Mount Etna. The contract with Woodhouse called for delivery of "five hundred Pipes of the best Marsala Wine … at One Shilling and five pence Sterling per Gallon Wine measure …" Added in Nelson's hand is: "The Wine to be delivered as expeditiously as possible and all to be delivered within the space of five weeks from this date, a convoy will be appointed for the vessel from Marsala but all risks are to run by Wm. Woodhouse. Bronte Nelson." Tovey says: "In my early days the wine from Sicily shipped to England was known as Bronte, subsequently as Marsala-Bronte, and latterly as Bronte." [421]. Throughout the book, Tovey cites a number of wine authors, including Henderson, Redding, Thudichum, Beckwith, T.G. Shaw, Denman.

52. Tovey, Charles (? – 1888). Wit, Wisdom, and Morals, distilled from Bacchus. Dedication to Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., M.P., on the Permissive Bill. London: Whittaker & Co., 1878. Printed by E. Austin and Son, Clifton. 19 cm. (7), iv-xxv, 295 pages + 10 pages of publicity for "Wine and Wine Countries" with complete table of contents. Title page in red and black. Ownership signature on title page: "George A. Trapp." Green cloth, spine gilt, cover lettered and decorated in black. Very nice copy. [Ref M1658]. —— SOLD

In the preface, Tovey says he may be accused of ‘book-making’ – "supplying from the brains of others that which my own is not competent to give." He feels that it is hard work finding appropriate and judicious selections. "Objection has been taken to the title … but the Author respectfully submits that those who possess ‘Wit, Wisdom, and Morals,’ will find no incongruity between the subject and the title." After browsing through this book, I agreed, with qualifiers – dubious wit, questionable wisdom, and strange morals. I was surprised at his inclusion of a passage from Tomes's The Champagne Country – pages 96-97, though he identifies the author only as "an American writer." [pages 137-138]. Selections on medical and/or medicinal uses of wine, including the grape cure, are included in the chapter on temperance tales! Probably the most useful chapters are those containing recipes for punches and cups. [258-273]. The chapter on Irish anecdotes has probably the funniest line: "No man who drank ever died, but many men have died while learning to drink."

For what it's worth to a would-be buyer of this book, a recent accession in the "Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records" was a letter of 19 June, 1910 from Marie Corelli to George A. Trapp, "settling her account and requesting ‘2 dozen of that very excellent Chablis’." Of course, not necessarily the same George A. Trapp. Other books by Tovey not listed here include British and Foreign Spirits: their History …, 1864, and Wine Revelations, 1881 [see Gabler].

53. Townsend, Jack and Tom Moore McBride. The Bartender's Book. Being a history of sundry alcoholic potations, libations, and mixtures ... relating certain adventures that befell those who mixed them ... containing accounts of related prejudices & theories from ancient times to the present day ... together with charts, recipes, & tables to make everyman a proficient practitioner of the noble art of mixology and in so doing charm his soul with a variety of humors, allegories, jokes & ribaldries. New York: Viking Press, 1951. Printed in the USA by the Vail-Ballou Press. 21 cm. v, (2), 148 pages. Illustrations by Bernard Seaman. Blue cloth, titles in white and black. A piece of the dustjacket, pasted in on back endpaper, has a photo of Jack Townsend instructing Governor Luis Muñoz Marin of Puerto Rico in the art of mixing a daiquiri. [Ref M1659]. —— SOLD

First published by the Viking Press in October 1951. Packed with interesting historical information on cocktails, with references to mixed drink books of the past. In the preface, the authors take a bow for the contribution of bartenders to the union movement. As for cocktails, there are far too many, and the authors found from a survey of barmen in the US and Canada "fewer than fifty drinks served with any regularity and approximately one hundred more served from time to time. So that's all the drinks there are in this book … [The] Gun Club Drink Book, published in 1939, lists twelve cocktails as basic and worth drinking, and dismisses all others as not being worthy of mention. At the other pole is The Official Mixer's Manual, which lists an incredible nine hundred mixed drinks – approximately seven hundred more than would ever be called for." Bartenders don't like to admit that they don't know how to mix a given drink, which is one of the reasons, together with exhibitionism on the part of customers, that there are so many variants of the same drinks – 22 versions of Planter's Punch, for example. The British have always "looked down their noses at American drinks and drinking – and have ended looking down their noses into glasses containing those drinks." A reference is made to Spencer's Flowing Bowl. As to the 40 top drinks, the authors give us a table showing their positions on the popularity scale, with Manhattan first, Martini second, then Daiquiri, Whisky Sour, etc. to the Zazarac at number 40. [pages 20-21]. Regarding the origin of the cocktail, all the usual stories are mentioned, as well as literary references in Hawthorne and Thackeray in the 1850's. Jerry Thomas is given his due, though his Blue Blazer is now classed as a freak drink, together with other drinks such as Pousse Café, Bloody Mary, Moscow Mule. [Sorry, but I like the Moscow Mule, and I wouldn't class it as a freak drink]. All in all, this is a well-organized cocktail book, packed with historical and practical information. It has two indexes, by recipes and by ingredients.

54. Toye, Nina & A.H. Adair. Drinks – Long & Short. With a preface by X. Marcel Boulestin. London: William Heinemann, 1925. Printed by Woods & Sons, London. 19.5 cm. xii, 67 pages + frontispiece color illustration. Decorated boards, paper label on cover. Spine is chipped, hinges cracked, edges worn, but internally clean except for browned endpapers, and occasional brown spots. [Ref M1660]. —— SOLD

First published 1925. This is a book of double standards. The first sentence of the preface by Boulestin: "I should state here, now, without any further delay, and emphatically, that, as a wine drinker, and a gourmet, I disapprove of cocktails. I specially disapprove of the English concoctions called (for no reason whatsoever) cocktails, and served two minutes before dinner." Then on the same page: "Yet, one can disapprove and appreciate at the same time. And the poetic charm of the cocktail is so powerful [etc. etc.] … one cannot help … being, at times, and for reasons almost purely literary, moved, if not to tears, at least to exaltation … the mysticism of St. Therese, the pity of Dostoïevsky …" In civilized circles, apparently, the cocktail is drunk an hour or two before dinner, not "just" before. And of course the cultural celebrities have created their own drinks: Jean Cocteau, Paul Morand, Darius Milhaud. Cocktail recipes are grouped under gin, rum, whisky, miscellaneous and non-alcoholic. Long drinks include juleps, punches, cups and "still-room" recipes.

55. Toye, Nina & A.H. Adair (compilers). Petits & Grands Verres. Choix des meilleurs cocktails, recueillis par Nina Toye & A.H. Adair et mis en français par Ph. Le Huby. Les ornements sont de J.-E. Laboureur. Paris: Au Sans Pareil, [1927]. 19.5 cm. (3), 131, (2), (4 ads) pages. Illustrations by Laboureur. Pictorial paper. All edges untrimmed. [Ref M272]. —— SOLD

Date of publication was obtained from Laboureur's new edition of 1955. The selection and organization of the recipes is similar to that of the UK edition (item 54). An added category for cocktails is cognac. This edition has a total of 133 cocktail recipes versus only 106 in the English edition. There was also a special edition in crown quarto, with 10 engravings by J.E. Laboureur. [Maggs Bros. Catalogue 645, 1937, item 672: "one of 25 copies on Japan paper"].

56. Trader Vic [Victor Jules Bergeron] (1902-1984). Book of Food & Drink. With an introduction by Lucius Beebe. Water-color illustrations by Guy Huzé. Line drawings by William F.M. Kay. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1946. Printed at The Country Life Press, Garden City. 19.5 cm. 272 pages. Illustrations. Three full double-page color illustrations on South Seas party themes. Bookplate: "Kenneth Roberts." Tan cloth, brown spine, titles and decorations in green and brown. Worn dustjacket with faded spine and internal stains. [Ref M1662]. —— SOLD

©1946. First edition. "Anyone who works at a thing long enough … convinces himself he ought to tell somebody about it, and that's the way I feel about tropical parties, foods, and drinks … Of course there's another reason for this book … I'd also like to see more people appreciate rum … Chinese, Javanese, or Tahitian dishes have been changed … My customers … like good food, but their tastes aren't educated enough to take foreign dishes first hand with appreciation." [preface]. In a Time obituary (October 22, 1984), he is quoted as saying: "You can't eat real Polynesian food," calling it "horrible junk." He was an "irascible, ingenious restaurateur who … parlayed a tiny beer parlor in Oakland, Calif. [Hinky Dink's, 1934] into a San Francisco-based food and drink corporation … featuring … restaurants proffering an eclectic South Seas décor, rum drinks garnished with flowers and fruit and an ‘exotic’ cuisine carefully tailored to American middle-brow taste … Having lost a leg at age six to tuberculosis, … he considered himself ‘not handicapped, merely inconvenienced,’ and worked tirelessly for 40 years to spread the message to U.S. amputee veterans."

Pencilled in on pages 130-132, are notes (heavily edited) on drinks, presumably by Kenneth Roberts: "During a winter in the Bahamas, when Noilly Prat vermouth was unobtainable, I used seven kinds of dry French vermouth in an effort to make palatable dry Martinis. They were without exception execrable, though some were more execrable than others. I therefore turned to rum. Daiquiris made from light Cuban and Porto Rican rums were tasteless. Only Jamaica rum gave me what I wanted – flavor, character and palatability. For my purposes Myers ‘Planters Punch’ proved most satisfactory. –– I also found that with rum as with everything else, simplicity is elegance. The best cocktail I could evolve is so simple I'm ashamed to write it down:

1 tumbler dark Jamaica rum preferably Myers.
1 tumbler pineapple juice
Shake in cocktail shaker with 6 or 8 lumps of ice until creamy: then decant into thermos carafe."

Kenneth Lewis Roberts (1885-1957), wrote a number of outstanding historical novels on the Revolutionary War. He wrote introductions to two books on food, one by his niece (on Maine, 1939) and the other by his secretary (on New England, 1957). Both were published by Doubleday.

57. Trader Vic [Victor Jules Bergeron] (1902-1984). Book of Food & Drink. With an introduction by Lucius Beebe. Water-color illustrations by Guy Huzé. Line drawings by William F.M. Kay. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, (1946). Printed at The Country Life Press, Garden City. 19.5 cm. 272 pages. Illustrations. Three full double-page color illustrations on South Seas party themes. Signed on endpaper: "Trader Vic." Tan cloth, brown spine, titles and decorations in green and brown. No dustjacket. [Ref M1663]. —— SOLD

©1946. Later printing.

58. Trader Vic [Victor Jules Bergeron] (1902-1984). Bartender's Guide. With drawings by Ray Sullivan. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1947. Printed at The Country Life Press, Garden City. 19.5 cm. viii, (1), 437 pages. Illustrations. Yellow cloth, title and decorations in black. Worn dustjacket. [Ref M1661]. —— SOLD

©1947. First edition. Trader Vic obviously did not subscribe to the view expressed by Townsend (see item 53) regarding large numbers of recipes for mixed drinks. This manual contains more than 1500 recipes. Cocktails occupy more than half of the book, but all the other mixed drinks from crustas to fizzes, to scaffas and swizzles are represented. Regarding wine in restaurants, he does strike a familiar chord: "I sometimes wonder why so much money is spent on wine lists … you order cocktails and ask for the wine list. The waiter goes to his captain, the captain goes to another captain, and they both go to the maître d'hôtel, who digs around in his desk and finally pulls out a wine list. Then they all hover over you to see if you can read it. You … decide upon No. 25 … The waiter tells you that No. 25 is not being served that night …" etc. etc [page 33]. He got it right – that's the way it was back then. Trader Vic also had a thing about customers. There are two chapters on dishonest customers and others bartenders don't like, and only one on bartenders that customers don't like. However, that's only a small part of the book. The dustjacket blurbs include one by Kenneth Roberts (see item 56): "Far and away the best bartender's guide ever written."

59. Truax, Carol (1900-1986). Father Was a Gourmet. An epic of good eating at the turn of the century. Illustrations by Marshal Goodman. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1965. 24 cm. 160 pages. Illustrations. Endpaper photo illustrations. Blue cloth backed pale brown boards. Dustjacket. [Ref M1664]. —— SOLD

©1960-1965. Born in New York, daughter of a New York Supreme Court judge, Truax made a career in the arts. She was director of the fine arts department at Colorado College, Colorado Springs, where she also owned and operated a book store for twenty years. She was also a professor at the State University of New York, and was very active in performing arts organizations – and, she had many cookbooks to her credit as well.

60. Truman, Major Ben[jamin] C[ummings] (1835-1916). Semi-Tropical California: its climate, healthfulness, productiveness, and scenery; its magnificent stretches of vineyards and groves of semi-tropical fruits, etc., etc., etc. San Francisco: A.L. Bancroft & Company, Publishers, 1874. 23.5 cm. 204 pages. Dark blue cloth, gilt and blue on gilt lettering and decorative illustration. Same decoration blind-stamped on back cover. Spine faded and worn, corners bumped, but overall a presentable copy. Ownership signature on front pastedown, partially erased, dated at San Francisco, Dec 23, 1874. [Ref M179]. —— SOLD

Truman was owner and editor at this time of the Daily Star of Los Angeles, and here presents a glowing assessment of Los Angeles County, its climate ("the most charming climate in the world") and its economic potential, and includes material on the vineyards and wines of Los Angeles County. "Important agricultural information," according to Carosso (The California Wine Industry, 1951, bibliography, page 216).

Born in Providence, RI, Truman made his career mostly in newspaper work, interspersed with government work. During his coverage of the Civil War for Washington's Sunday Morning Chronicle, he sent "an account of the Battle of Franklin two days before the news of it reached the War Department." [NY Times obituary]. He served on the staff of Andrew Johnson in 1862, and served as Johnson's confidential secretary during his presidency. He travelled widely as special agent for the Post Office Department from 1866-1869. Eventually he settled in Los Angeles, wrote prolifically for California newspapers, and was one of California's commissioners to the Paris Exposition in 1900. [American National Biography, vol. 21, 1999]. His See How it Sparkles (Los Angeles, 1896) was reprinted in 1973.

61. Tuck, Charles A. Cocktails and Mixed Drinks. London: Kaye & Ward, (1967). Printed by C. Tinling and Co., Liverpool, London and Prescot. 22.5 cm. 91 pages. Illustrations. Decorated pink boards, matching dustjacket. [Ref M1665]. —— SOLD

©1967. Has about 600 cocktail recipes and 45 for other mixed drinks. Tuck lists the various hotels in London and Cairo where he gained experience as a bartender, ending at the Piccadilly in London, where he has been head bartender for a number of years. "… for a long time now there have been international competitions all over Europe for mixing cocktails, and several prize-winning drinks have become famous. In 1958 I led the successful British team in Brussels during the World Fair, and this was the crowning point of my career." The author encourages readers to invent their own drinks, once they have studied the general technique. On the back cover of the book and the dustjacket is a spreadsheet listing fifteen cocktails and their ingredients: Bronx, Gibson, Bacardi, Dubonnet, Prince of Wales, White Lady, Alexander, Screw Driver, Dry Martini, Zaza, Manhattan, Piccadilly, Mayfair, Russian, Sherry Twist. These are presumably the author's selection of best, or most popular cocktails.

62. Tudor, Emma. October Dawn. A short and practical treatise on the manufacture of home made wines from the native grapes of New England. Cambridge: Printed privately at the Riverside Press, 1926. 20 cm. x, (1), 63 pages. Tan cloth backed pale tan boards, title in black on cover. A cutout color photo illustration of grapes is mounted on front cover. Very nice copy, in tattered tissue dustjacket. [Ref M1666]. —— SOLD

©1926. One of the author's messages is that making wine is not a simple matter of following a recipe, and that the best way to learn is by doing. Tudor began making wine in 1916 and relates her experiences, mistakes and all. She describes all operations from pressing, fermentation and sugaring, to preparation of barrels and bottling, or not bottling at all, and simply drawing periodically from the barrel. Her first grape variety was Hermann, because it was there. She is partial to Concord and also recommends Moore's Early, Worden, Delaware. Niagara has a "mousey" taste. Tudor's text was Husmann, whom she quotes and references several times. Many wine makers use grapes from California, notably the Italians, who "find that they make the best wine from a blend of Californias, which supply the sweetness and have not much flavor, with the Concords, which supply the flavor and astringency necessary to making a good red wine …" [pages 19-20]. Tudor was particularly proud of her "champagne" which she made by disastrous accident the first time, and on purpose thereafter. She says several times how hard the work is: "It is a man's job. If a woman wants to do it, she should have the assistance of a man, especially during the pressing and racking time. During the day's work I estimated that I lifted three thousand pounds. The grapes are heavy, the must is heavy, and so are all the utensils [ix-x].

63. (Tuniberg). Ein Berg verändert sein Antlitz. Zum Tuniberg-Richtfest 1970 im Auftrag der neun Tuniberg-Gemeinden, herausgegeben von Wolfgang Spann. [A mountain changes its face. For the Tuniberg topping-out ceremony 1970 on behalf of the nine Tuniberg communities, edited by Wolfgang Spann]. Tiengen bei Freiburg: Verlag der Gemeindeverwaltung, 1970. Printed by Buchdruckerei Franz Weis, Freiburg i. Breisgau. 24 cm. 80 pages, including 6 glossy photo plates [pages 69-80] + (64 glossy advertising) pages. Illustrations. Illustrated paper. Some waterstaining towards back, with some damp rippling of the glossy pages. Perfect as a reading copy. [Ref M1667]. —— $8

An interesting document that was given to me by one of the officials at the wine school in Freiburg who took us on a tour of the Tuniberg, very near the city, and next to the Kaiserstuhl in the Baden wine region. The book celebrates the terracing of the hillside and conversion to a high-quality viticultural area. Articles were contributed by local officials and wine experts, including one for each of the 9 wine villages: Gottenheim, Mengen, Merdingen, Munzingen, Niederrimsigen, Oberrimsingen, Opfingen, Tiengen and Waltershofen. One of the photos shows the bulldozers at work in the terracing operation, which I seem to recall was still in progress.

64. Turnbull, Grace H[ill] (1880-1976). Fruit of the Vine, as seen by many witnesses of all times. Baltimore, MD: (1950). Printed by The Lord Baltimore Press, Baltimore. (8), 165 pages + 7 glossy plates of illustrations. Maroon cloth, gilt title on spine. Minor spots on cover, short crack in upper portion of back inner hinge. [Ref M1668]. —— SOLD

©1950. This book went to at least a fourth printing [Noling lists the third printing, 1952]. It presents a series of historical twists, quotations and testimonials, from Alexander the Great to modern times, making the case for temperance, i.e. prohibition. Personalities include poets, presidents, doctors, and even a psychiatrist. For example, the Battle of Hastings was won by the Normans over the Saxons because the Saxons had spent the night before the battle drinking, while the Normans spent the night in fasting and prayer. One of the bizarre twists of history, if you can believe it, is that the drunken French soldiers lost in 1940 to the less drunken Germans, led by teetotaling Hitler. Unexplained is why the teetotaler lost in the end to Prohibition-free Americans, Canadians and British, not to mention hard-drinking Russians.

As an artist – in marble, wood and oil, Turnbull won many awards, among them the Whitelaw Reid first prize in Paris, 1914. Her works were widely exhibited in museums, including New York's Metropolitan and Washington's Corcoran. Her autobiography, Chips From My Chisel, was published by Richard Smith in 1953. In a September 2000 column in Baltimore's "Citipaper Online" titled "Amazing Grace: a transcendent statue and her remarkable creator," Tom Chalkley talks about Baltimore's famous Naiad: "Posed in a fountain, this supple water nymph performs a sort of split while bending back to grasp her left foot in her right hand. Her gleaming bronze thighs swell athletically, her skin and breasts are stretched tight over her ribs, her head is tossed back over her shoulders, her expression is transcendent … she has got to be the sexiest statue in Baltimore … That probably wasn't the sculptor's intention. Grace Turnbull, artist and author, was, at least on record, a high-minded aesthete and social idealist who gave herself passionately to art and philosophy. She never married, and scorned alcohol, tobacco, rich food … Much of her art took religious or spiritual themes. When not sculpting, Turnbull wrote, translated, edited, and pontificated … Her publications included a landmark study of the Roman philosopher Plotinus, a temperance tract, an autobiography, and a collection of non-Christian spiritual texts titled Tongues of Fire … There is, however, an undeniable fun side to Turnbull's art: a puckish sense of humor, a fondness for animals and pagan icons, and (as in the Naiad's case) sheer sensual pleasure … Into her 90s, she continued to mow her own lawn, run up and down stairs, and tool around town in a 1937 Ford Runabout convertible."

65. Turner, B[ernard] C[harles] A[rthur] and C.J.J Berry. The Winemaker's Companion. A handbook for those who make wine at home. By B.C.A. Turner, author of Enjoy Your Own Wine / C.J.J. Berry, editor of The Amateur Winemaker. London: Mills & Boon, (1960). Printed by Butler & Tanner, Frome and London. 22 cm. 228 pages + 4 glossy photo plates. Blue cloth, gilt title on spine. Light rippling internally, but no staining. Lightly worn dustjacket. [Ref M1669]. —— SOLD

First published 1960. There were a number of later editions. A detailed guide to equipment and ingredients required for winemaking and all aspects of the process itself. Recipes are provided for flower, fruit, vegetabe, and even grape wines. A "port type" wine can also be made. "Blackberries, elderberries and particularly damsons are perfectly suitable." [page 105]. There are chapters as well on mead, beer, cider and perry. Exhibitions and competitions are there to motivate the home winemaker.

66. Turner, B[ernard] C[harles] A[rthur]. A Practical Guide to Winemaking. London: Hutchinson, (1966). Printed in GB by Anchor Press, Tiptree, Essex. 20.5 cm. 144 pages + 2 glossy photo plates. Maroon cloth, lightly soiled dustjacket with a few small tears. [Ref M1670]. —— SOLD

First published 1966. Turner discusses two early "first-class" books on winemaking: the first by John McCulloch in 1816, the other by W.H. Roberts (British Winemaker) in 1835. [pages 19-20]. "I was first taught to make wine by a great-aunt, then seventy years old … She had been taught by her mother, who had previously learned from her mother." [21]. Among Turners recipes is one for tea wine. "The author has tasted some very fine examples of this wine, but it seems to him that it is better when served slightly sweet rather than dry." [136].

67. Turner, William (1508-1568). A Book of Wines. Together with a modern English version of the text by the editors, and a general introduction by Sanford V. Larkey, M.D., librarian, Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University, and an oenological note by Philip M. Wagner. New York: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 1941. 17.5 cm. xxxvii, (4), (3 blank leaves), (95) [facsimile], 79, (1) [modernized version] pages. Previous owner's name in pencil on front pastedown: "Henry Hirschberg 1948." Maroon cloth. Faded spine, general aging, but a solid copy, internally clean. [Ref M1671]. —— SOLD

©1941. "Reproduced from the copy in the Library of Congress; Folios Ai^r to Biii^r, inclusive, from the copy in the British Museum." Title page of the original: "A new Boke of the natures and properties of all Wines that are commonly used here in England, with a confutation of an errour of some men, that holde, that Rhennish and other small white wines ought not to be drunken of them that either haue, or are in daunger of the stone, the reuine, and diuers other diseases, made by William Turner, doctor of Phisicke. Wherunto is annexed the booke of the vertues of Triacles, newly corrected and set foorth againe by the sayde William Turner. Imprinted at London, by William Seres. Anno, 1568."

Here is a sample of Turner's style, in a passage inspired by a statement by Aristotle: "… new Wine is verye ill for them that are disposed to the stone, for it having so much thicke earthlinesse in it, giueth matter whereof the stone may be made to hete kidneys, that the heate of kidneis may so bake it into stones as the heate of the Bricke kill turneth the claye into Bricke or tile stones. Wherefore I must needes dispraise the manner of our delicate Englishmen and women that drinke the Rhennish wine only for pleasure, whilst it is yet as thicke as puddle or horsepisse. For beside that it giueth matter to make the stone of, I have knowen three within the space of one yere in high Germany that toke the falling sicknesse by drinking much newe Rhenishe, and they died all three, and could not be holpen with phisicke, one of them sodenly lost his spech and died within a houre after that he sickened, and the other two liued but a day or two after, and died miserably with great paine, and had grieuous fittes of the falling sicknesse at sundry times …" [pages (15-16)].

From Simon's bibliographic entry for this book (BB II #644) [in translation]: "This book is very rare today and it is particularly valuable because it was known by Shakespeare and was very useful to him. Doctor Turner is not content merely to enumerate the wines being drunk in England at the time – wines of Bordeaux, Spain, the Rhine, etc; but he describes their characteristics, their effects when drunk in moderation or to excess, how to fine and rack them, the frauds perpetrated on them by dishonest merchants or tavern-keepers. In Shakespeare's plays, as it happens, we find not only the same names of wines as in Turner's little treatise but the same general assessments and the same details at the professional level."

Turner was educated at Cambridge, took holy orders and became a Protestant reformer, but his strong religious views led to his exile in 1540. During the next six years he studied botany in Italy, obtaining an MD at either Ferrara or Bologna. He returned to England in 1547 and became physician to the duke of Somerset. He was, or claimed to be destitute, however, and in one of his letters to William Cecil, he asked to be allowed to go to Germany: "… he was ‘every day more and more vexed with the stone;’ he desired to drink ‘only rhenish wine’ at small cost, for he believed that would relieve him; and he promised that if he was allowed to retain his ‘poor prebend’ while abroad, he would correct the English translation of the Bible, … would finish his ‘great herball, and write a book on fishes, stones and metals.’ [Jackson]." Shortly thereafter, in 1551, he was appointed dean of Wells Cathedral, but the accession of the Catholic Queen Mary three years later led to a second period of exile. The next eight years were spent chiefly as a medical practitioner in Germany. In 1561 he was reinstated at Wells, but returned to London in 1564, where he spent his last years in the study of botany. Turner "was the first Englishman who studied plants scientifically, and his ‘Herbal’ marks the start of the science of botany in England." Of Turner's writings, Charles Cooper (Cambridge, 1858), lists 34 titles. [Sources: Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists, 2nd ed., Bristol & Philadelphia, 1994; Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 13, 1980; Dictionary of National Biography]. See Gabler for the story of André Simon's copy.

68. "21" The Iron Gate of Jack & Charlie's "21" – thru which is presented a vivid portrayal of a unique institution - - by a distinguished group of authors, artists and celebrities. Issued on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of "21," in memory of John Carl Kriendler for the benefit of the New York Heart Association. New York: Jack Kriendler Memorial Foundation, 1950. Printed by Publishers Printing Company and Rogers-Kellogg-Stillson. 28.5 cm. 220 pages. Illustrations and ads in black & white and color. Red cloth, gilt lettering and decoration. Back cover lightly scuffed, pages internally are rippled from dampness. An average copy. [Ref M1672]. —— SOLD

"Jack" was John Carl Kriendler (1898-1947) and "Charlie" was Charlie Berns, "co-founder with Jack of the Sanctum behind the Iron Gate" – at this time with "21" Brands. This book is a collection of one-pagers by a series of 40 artists and 60 writers, mostly beautiful people, "21" habitués writing mostly about each other. Among the artists are Walt Disney and Rube Goldberg. Writers (or contributing authors) include Lucius Beebe, Robert Benchley, Louis Bromfield, Arthur Krock, Tex McCrary & Jinx Falkenburg, Westbrook Pegler, William Saroyan, John Steinbeck, Ed Sullivan. Wonderfully dated is a Philip Morris ad on page 26: a baby next to a pack of cigarettes says: "Before you scold me, Mom . . . maybe you'd better light up a Marlboro." And here's a parting shot of nostalgia – Louella Parsons, writing about Jack Kriendler [page 205]: "… Some years ago when I took a troupe of home-sick youngsters to New York … Jack invited all of us for Christmas dinner. On Christmas eve he brought thirty carolers from the Salvation Army to the hotel to sing carols for Jane Wyman, Susan Hayward, Ronald Reagan, Arleen Whelan, and others who were later to become famous, and who never forgot that thoughtful gesture."